Assessing the impact of coexposure on the measurement of biomarkers of exposure to the pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin in agricultural workers

Yélian Marc Bossou, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, Public Health Research Center (CReSP), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry Building, U436, P.O. Box 6128, Main Station, Montreal, H3C 3J7, QC, Canada
Jonathan Côté, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, Public Health Research Center (CReSP), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry Building, U436, P.O. Box 6128, Main Station, Montreal, H3C 3J7, QC, Canada
Éloïse Morin, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, Public Health Research Center (CReSP), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry Building, U436, P.O. Box 6128, Main Station, Montreal, H3C 3J7, QC, Canada
Étienne Dumais, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, Public Health Research Center (CReSP), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry Building, U436, P.O. Box 6128, Main Station, Montreal, H3C 3J7, QC, Canada
Clara Bianchi, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, Public Health Research Center (CReSP), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry Building, U436, P.O. Box 6128, Main Station, Montreal, H3C 3J7, QC, Canada
Michèle Bouchard, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, Public Health Research Center (CReSP), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry Building, U436, P.O. Box 6128, Main Station, Montreal, H3C 3J7, QC, Canada

Type de document

Études primaires

Année de publication

2023

Langue

Anglais

Titre de la revue

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health

Résumé

There are few published data on the impact of combined exposure to multiple pesticides (coexposure) on levels of biomarkers of exposure in workers, which may alter their toxicokinetics and thus the interpretation of biomonitoring data. This study aimed to assess the impact of coexposure to two pesticides with shared metabolism pathways on levels of biomarkers of exposure to pyrethroid pesticides in agricultural workers. The pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) and the fungicide captan were used as sentinel pesticides, since they are widely sprayed concomitantly in agricultural crops. Eighty-seven (87) workers assigned to different tasks (application, weeding, picking) were recruited. The recruited workers provided two-consecutive 24-h urine collections following an episode of lambda-cyhalothrin application alone or in combination with captan or following tasks in the treated fields, as well as a control collection. Concentrations of lambda-cyhalothrin metabolites – 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-en-1-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (CFMP) and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) – were measured in the samples. Potential determinants of exposure established in a previous study, including the task performed and personal factors were documented by questionnaire. Multivariate analyses showed that coexposure did not have a statistically significant effect on the observed urinary levels of 3-PBA (Exp(β) (95% confidence interval (95% CI)): 0.94 (0.78–1.13)) and CFMP (1.10 (0.93–1.30). The repeated biological measurements (“time variable”) – defined as the within-subjects variable – was a significant predictor of observed biological levels of 3-PBA and CFMP; the within-subjects variance (Exp(β) (95% (95% CI)) for 3-PBA and CFMP was 1.11 (1.09–3.49) and 1.25 (1.20–1.31). Only the main occupational task was associated with urinary levels of 3-PBA and CFMP. Compared to the weeding or picking task, the pesticide application task was associated with higher urinary 3-PBA and CFMP concentrations. In sum, coexposure to agricultural pesticides in the strawberry fields did not increase pyrethroid biomarker concentrations at the exposure levels observed in the studied workers. The study also confirmed previous data suggesting that applicators were more exposed than workers assigned to field tasks such as weeding and picking. © 2023 Elsevier GmbH

Mots-clés

Évaluation de l'exposition, Exposure evaluation, Test d'exposition, Exposure test, Pesticide, Produit chimique agricole, Agricultural chemical, Travaux agricoles, Agriculture operation

Numéro de projet IRSST

2016-0003

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